Pei Weis Viola GUI browser for X test version dated May 15. (See review by TimBL) At CERN, Presentation and demo at JENC3, Innsbruck (AT). Technical Student Carl BA Little History of the World Wide Webarker (ECP) joins the project.

Technical Student Nicola Pellow (CN) joins and starts work on the line-mode browser. Bernd Pollermann (CN) helps get intece to CERNVM FIND index running. TBL gives a colloquium on hypertext in general.

Ari Luotonen (ECP) joins the project at CERN. He implements access authorisation, proceeds to re-write the CERN httpd server.

Founding of the Web Society in Graz (AT), Web, by the Technical University of Graz (home of Hyper-G), CERN, the University of Minnesota (home of Gopher) and INRIA.

Andy van Dam and others build the Hypertext Editing System and FRESS in 1967.

Robert Cailliau gets go-ahead from CERN management to organise the First International WWW Conference at CERN.

VMS/HELP and WAIS gateways installed. Mailing lists www-interest (now www-announce) and www-.ch (see archive) started. One year status report. Anonymous telnet service started.

History of Internet and WWW: The Roads and Crossroads of Internet History

See also How It All Started presentation materials from the W3C 10th Anniversary Celebration and other references.

April 30: Date on the declaration by CERNs directors that WWW technology would be freely usable by anyone, with no fees being payable to CERN. A milestone document.

Line mode v 1.2 annouced on alt.hypertext, comp.infosystems, comp.mail.multi-media, cern.sting, comp.archives.admin, and mailing lists.

1995-1998 by Gregory R. Gromov

Over 200 known HTTP servers. The European Commission, the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft and CERN start the first Web-based project of the European Union (DG XIII): WISE, using the Web for dissemination of technological information to Europes less voured regions.

By now, Midas (Tony Johnson, SLAC), Erwise (HUT), and Viola (Pei Wei, OReilly Associates) browsers are available for X; CERN Mac browser (ECP) released as alpha. Around 50 known HTTP servers.

from 1945 to 1995

Project original proposal reformulated with encouragement from CN and ECP divisional management. Robert Cailliau (ECP) joins and is co-author of new version.

The European Commission and CERN propose the WebCore project for development of the Web core technology in Europe.

CERN Council approves unanimously the construction of the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) accelerator, CERNs next machine and competitor to the US already defunct SSC (Superconducting Supercollider). Stringent budget conditions are however imposed. CERN thus decides not to continue WWW development, and in concertation with the European Commission and INRIA (the Institut National pour la Recherche en Informatique et Automatique, FR) transfers the WebCore project to INRIA.

Jump back in time to a snapshot of the WWW Project Page as of 3 Nov 1992 and the WWW project web of the time, including the list of all 26 resoanably reliable servers, NCSAs having just been added, but no sign of Mosaic.

Mike Sendall, Tims boss, Oks the purchase of a NeXT cube, and allows Tim to go ahead and write a global hypertext system.

M. Bangemann report on European Commission Information Superhighway plan. Over 1500 registered servers. Load on the first Web server (info.cern.ch) 1000 times what it has been 3 years earlier.

Files available on the net by FTP, posted on alt.hypertext (6, 16, 19th Aug), comp.sys.next (20th), comp.text.sgml and comp.mail.multi-media (22nd). Jean-Francois Groff joins the project.

Second International WWW Conference: Mosaic and the Web, Chicago. Also heavily oversubscribed: 2000 apply, 1300 allowed in.

Presented poster and demonstration at Hypertext91 in San Antonio, Texas (US). W3 browser installed on VM/CMS. CERN computer newsletter announces W3 to the HEP world. Dec 12: Paul Kunz installs first Web server outside of Europe, at SLAC.

MIT/CERN agreement to start W3 Organisation is announced by Bangemann in Boston. Press release. AP wire. Reports in Wall Street Journal, Boston Globe etc.

Third International WWW Conference: Tools and Applications, hosted by the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, in Darmstadt (DE)

NCSA release first alpha version of Marc Andreessens Mosaic for X. Computing seminar at CERN. The University of Minnesota announced that they would begin to charge licensing fees for Gophers use, which caused many volunteers and employees to stop using it and switch to WWW.

Presentation and demo at HEPVM (Lyon). People at FNAL (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US)),new york asian escort model NIKHEF (Nationaal Instituut voor Kern- en Hoge Energie Fysika, (NL)), DESY (Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Hamburg, (DE)) join with WWW servers.

Tim starts work on a hypertext GUI browser+editor using the NeXTStep development environment. He makes up WorldWideWeb as a name for the program. (See the first browser screenshot) World Wide Web as a name for the prWeboject (over Information Mesh, Mine of Information, and Information Mine).

Vannevar Bush writes an article in Atlantic Monthly about a photo-electrical-mechanical device called a Memex, for memory extension, which could make and follow links between documents on microfiche

WWW (Port 80 http) traffic measures 1% of NSF backbone traffic. NCSA releases working versions of Mosaic browser for all common platforms: X, PC/Windows and Macintosh. September 6-10: On a bus at a seminar Information at Newcastle University, MITs Prof. David Gifford suggests Tim BL contact Michael Dertouzos of MIT/LCS as a possible consortium host site.

. 20th National Conference, New York, Association for Computing Machinery, 1965. See also: Literary Machines. Note: There used to be a link here to Hypertext and Hypermedia: A Selected Bibliography by Terence Harpold, but the site hosting the resource did not maintain the link.

Distribution of WWW through CernLib, including Viola. WWW library code ported to DECnet. Report to the Advisory Board on Computing.

First International WWW Conference, CERN, Geneva. Heavily oversubscribed (800 apply, 400 allowed in): the Woodstock of the Web. VRML is conceived here. TBLs closing keynote hints at upcoming organization. (Some of Tims slides on Semantic Web)

Initial WorldWideWeb program development continues on the NeXT (TBL) . This was a what you see is what you get (wysiwyg) browser/editor with direct inline creation of links. The first web server was nxoc01.cern.ch, later called info.cern.ch, and the first web page Unfortunately CERN no longer supports the historical site. Note from this era too, the least recently modified web page we know of, last changed Tue, 13 Nov 1990 15:17:00 GMT (though the URI changed.)

Line mode browser and WorldWideWeb browser/editor demonstrable. Acces is possible to hypertext files, CERNVM FIND, and Internet news articles.

While consulting for CERN June-December of 1980, Tim Berners-Lee writes a notebook program, Enquire-Within-Upon-Everything, which allows links to be made between arbitrary nodes. Each node had a title, a type, and a list of bidirectional typed links. ENQUIRE ran on Norsk Data machines under SINTRAN-III. See: Enquire user manual as scanned images or as .

Ted Nelson coins the word Hypertext in

First meeting with European Industry and the European Consortium branch, at the European Commission, Brussels.

CERN holds a two-day seminar for the European Media (press, radio, TV), attended by 250 reporters, to show WWW. It is demonstrated on 60 machines, with 30 pupils from the local International High School helping the reporters surf the Web.

Doug Engelbart prototypes an oNLine System (NLS) which does hypertext browsing editing, email, and so on. He invents the mouse for this purpose. See the Bootstrap Institute library.

the Web is the main reason for the theme of the G7 meeting hosted by the European Commission in the European Parliament buildings in Brussels (BE).

Line mode browser release 1.1 available by anonymous FTP (see news). Presentation to AIHEP92 at La Londe (FR).

WWW (Port 80 HTTP) traffic measures 0.1% of NSF backbone traffic. WWW presented at Online Publishing 93, Pittsburgh. The Acceptable Use Policy prohibiting commercial use of the Internet re-interpreted., so that it becomes becomes allowed.

Information Management: A Proposal written by Tim BL and circulated for comments at CERN (TBL). Paper HyperText and CERN produced as background (text or WriteNow format).

WWW receives IMA award. John Markov writes a page and a half on WWW and Mosaic in The New York Times (US) business section. The Guardian (UK) publishes a page on WWW, The Economist (UK) analyses the Internet and WWW.